Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana

 

Ghana was formerly known as the Gold Coast and was colonized by the British. The population is 32.1 million people. Most of the nation speaks English and is Christian, but they drive on the right side of the road to avoid confusion with their neighboring countries. Most of the land is owned by the chiefs and their families (tribes). The hierarchy is great chiefs, chiefs, elders, and the general population. While there is a national parliament and government, people most closely relate to their family. In fact, you can ask to stay with anyone in the family, sharing shelter, food, and money. If you get married traditionally that is a marriage between families, not just individuals. The majority of who live in Cape Coast are Fante.

 

Along the road to Cape Coast

We bussed for a little over two hours to go 38 miles from our dock in Ghana to the Cape Coast Castle. We encountered lots of speed bumps on this major two-lane road. Anytime we entered a village, there were speed bumps to control how fast we traveled, because of course there were lots of shops and people next to the road. This road was in the process of being expanded to four lanes, so many of the structures along the road were marked with X’s to indicate this building would be demolished. The people living there were compensated but imagine that they no longer would have the presence of a major road right in front of their building.

Cape Coast Castle

The Cape Coast Castle was built by the Swedes, it was subsequently used by the Portuguese, Dutch, French, and English. This was one of 30-40 castles built along the Gold Coast.  Slaves were marched here from all along the coast or from the interior of West Africa. The slaves were auctioned to various ships in the main courtyard and then the males were separated from the females, and each were ‘stored’ in the dungeons. The dungeons were underneath where the church was. Up to 150 slaves were in each room. We noticed a small trench where they peed and a larger trench for defection. The dungeons were quite dark and very hot and humid. We toured both the male and female dungeons and then walked through the ‘door of no return’ which led to the ships. Today, the beach is covered with fishing boats flying various flags.

Fishing boats outside the Door of No Return

Of course, females of nearby villages became ‘wenches’ for the white soldiers and officers. Many mulatto children were born in the castle, and a school system was started for their education. I’ve been reading “Homegoing” by Yaa Gyasi and the story revolves around this castle, and the family that starts when the Captain of the castle takes a woman as his wench. One branch of the family continues to live in Ghana while the other branch is shipped to America. Both sides of the family struggle with their blackness in a white man’s world. An interesting read while we were visiting.

The Dungeon in Elmina Castle

We then proceeded to Elmina Castle, built by the Portuguese in 1482. This was the first trading post built on the Gulf of Guinea, concentrating on shipping gold and other goods out of Africa. Later it became involved in the slave trade and used by the Dutch, and the British.    

Ghana was our 109^th country.

Cotonou, Benin

 

Amazon Warrior

The kingdom of Dahomey existed for 300 years until the French colonized this area in 1878. The Amazon statue represents the bravery of women warriors of that age. Benin gained its independence on August 1^st, 1960. Cotonou is the largest city in Benin. As we entered the city, there was construction everywhere: new buildings and new highways. The president of the last 10 years has focused on investing in the country. Agriculture is the largest sector of the economy: pineapple, cotton, and cashews. But they are trying to broaden the economy to manufacturing, services, and tourism.

Voodoo God of Fertility

We drove to Ouidah, the center of the Vodún (Voodoo) philosophy/religion. Vodún teaches of a single divine creator being with many spirits who govern different aspect of nature and society. We started at the Sacred Forest to see representations of these spirits. gods, the temple of the earth. 

John at the Python Temple

We went on to the Python Temple (opposite from the Catholic Church). The python is a sacred animal here. Inside is where parents learn the name of their newborn from their ancestors. At 3 months the baby is scarred on the face with the fang symbols of the python. This tells everyone that they are from Ouidah. Then the villagers danced the Sakpata traditional dance for us.

Five forts were built here by Denmark, Portugal, France, England, and Holland to gather slaves from the interior and hold them until the Slave ships came. They were fed two meals a month to see if they could survive the three-month trip to the Americas. Thirty percent would die on the passage chained together lying in the ship. The Gate of No Return commemorates their final departure.

Gate of No Return Memorial

While we were learning about voodoo, Tim was exploring Ganvie lying in Lake Nokoué on Stilts. The Tofinu people live on the lake in wooden houses on stilts. They sell fish raised on small fish farms or fish they catch on the open water. There is a hospital, school, and government buildings. Produce and other items are brought in from the 'outside' by vendors in small boats.

Fishing Village of Ganvie

Sao Tome and Principe

We had 3 sea days including Easter to get to the next port. During this time, there was extra security personnel on board and most of the external lighting was turned off at night. While we had no problems there have been pirating instances to other ships in the past. Our trivia team which started with the four of us expanded to eight people with the addition of Tim, Eileen, Bart, and Pam. 

Pam, Bart, Eileen, Andy, Mary, John, Jim, Tim

Sao Tome is known as the Land of Chocolate. It is the smallest African country with only 200,000 inhabitants. Chocolate is created from cocoa beans, which originated in South America. Each pod contains 20 to 30 beans in a white pulp. The beans need to be fermented for three to nine days, the shells are removed and the beans are ground. Then a drink was made from the powder. But the magic ingredient that gives chocolate its sweet flavor is sugar. Gowing sugar was a labor-intensive process and led to the huge slave trade. In the 16^th Century, Sao Tome was the leading sugar producer in the world. In the 19^th century. In the 19^th century, slavery was banned in Brazil, so Portugal began planting cacao plants in Sao Tome and Angola, Portugal’s African possessions. In 1900 Sao Tome became the largest cocoa producer, representing 15% of the world’s production.

We visited the Cathedral, which took over 400 years to be built. The problem was pirates, who destroyed the Cathedral numerous times. We walked to Independence Square where we watched a Tchiloli dance, which tells a story of death and betrayal from a 16^th story about Charlamagne that reached the islands and is celebrated in dance. We then visited a nearby fishing village where we saw the Dance of the Congo. We continued to the History Museum for the island and finally to Fort San Sebatian. Here was a statue of King Amador, who led a slave rebellion in 1595. He is considered a national hero.

Fisherman on the beach

Sao Tome and Principe was out 107^th country.

Walvis Bay

Walvis Bay is known for its profuse wildlife in the sea and as the entrance to the Namib Desert. The wildlife is abundant because the Benguela current from Antarctica and the nutrients surface along the coast, creating a huge ecosystem. Jim and Tim went kayaking on the Bay and was surrounded by seal pups cavorting in the ocean.

 

We did a tour of the desert, which has huge dunes near the ocean. The sand comes down the Orange River, is swept north by the current and then the winds pick the sand up creating enormous sand dunes. Dune Seven, the tallest, rises 7 kilometers outside town. 

Sand Dunes

We headed to Namib-Naukluft National Park to see the Welwitschia Plant.

Welwitschia Plant

This plant can live for 1500 years; this one is about 600 years old. It has a 35 foot taproot and morning fog from the ocean provides water. The bark structure grows about 1 mm per year. The female has large cones, while the male has smaller ones. The cones start to grow in December and drop off in April. The plant supports several endemic insects. The white spotted beetle fertilize the plant, meanwhile a red bug feeds on the beetle. Pencil bush and the dollar plant were the other vegetation nearby. We went on to see a moon landscape formed by the erosion of the mountains after the melting of former glaciers. We took a break in an oasis in the nearby valley, watered by the river flowing underground. We would later see this dry river near the ocean when we crossed a bridge over it, needed only in the years it flows briefly above ground. 

Namibia's Moonscape

Lueritz, Namibia

 

Leaving Capetown

We’re sailing on Oceania's Sirena, a 660 passenger ship out of Cape Town, South Africa. That meant a 3-hour flight to Newark. A 3-hour layover, and a 14 hour flight to Cape Town. We both managed to sleep about four hours on the plane, arriving at 4:30 PM. After some beers at the hotel, we slept most of the night. Next morning, we took a cab to the ship, arriving about noon. Unfortunately, we spent about 2 hours waiting in line to get onto the ship. Never did find out what caused the delay boarding the ship.

We spent the following day at sea, listening to lectures and playing trivia with Andy and Jim, our traveling companions for this trip.

Today we docked at Luderitz, Namibia. The desert comes right down to the ocean. Bartolome Diaz dropped anchor in this bay in 1487. Adolf Luderitz bought the land from the local Nama chief in 1883. Germany became the colonial power in South West Africa. There was a dispute about exactly how much land was purchased pushing the native tribes into the desert. In 1905, a concentration camp was established here. Several thousand natives from the Herero and Nama tribes died from forced labor on the town and railroad. Eventually 80% of the Herero tribe and 20% of the Nama tribe were killed by the Germans.  They also conducted medical experiments on the natives. The Nazis would appropriate these practices in the 1930s. Diamonds were discovered just outside of here in 1908. The ghost town of Kolmanskop is the remnants of this industry.

During the Great War, the South Africans in an effort to reduce the British Army occupying their country agreed to strike at the Germans in South West Africa. They brought an army of 30,000 soldiers and 6000 horses. Some of those horses were the first of the Wild Horses of Namib. We saw the descendants of those horses today. We saw several small groups to drink at a watering hole. Along the road we saw a large group of horses with the desert mountain background. There are 87 horses today. This area has been in drought for 14 years, so the horses have been fed grass, since there is not enough natural vegetation.